apartheid in south africa

Explore the history of apartheid in South Africa, from its implementation in 1948 to its eventual dismantling and the release of Nelson Mandela.

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Explore the history of apartheid in South Africa, from its implementation in 1948 to its eventual dismantling and the release of Nelson Mandela.

Tous les événements

  1. National Party implements apartheid

    National Party wins election, begins implementing apartheid policy.

  2. Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

    Act prohibits marriages between white people and people of other races.

  3. Population Registration Act

    Act classifies all South Africans by race: white, black, coloured, Indian.

  4. Group Areas Act

    Act enforces racial segregation of residential and business areas.

  5. Immorality Act extended

    Act extends ban on interracial sexual relations to all races.

  6. Suppression of Communism Act

    Act targets anti-apartheid activists, banning organizations and individuals.

  7. Bantu Authorities Act

    Act creates separate 'homelands' for Black African ethnic groups.

  8. Pass Laws strengthened

    Laws require Black Africans to carry passes, restricting movement.

  9. Defiance Campaign begins

    ANC-led campaign of civil disobedience against unjust laws.

  10. Bantu Education Act

    Act establishes segregated, inferior education system for Black Africans.

  11. Freedom Charter adopted

    Congress of the People adopts a vision for a non-racial South Africa.

  12. Treason Trial begins

    156 anti-apartheid leaders, including Mandela, charged with treason.

  13. Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act

    Act formalizes 'homelands' policy, stripping Black Africans of citizenship.

  14. Sharpeville Massacre

    Police kill 69 peaceful Black protesters during a pass law demonstration.

  15. ANC and PAC banned

    African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress outlawed.

  16. South Africa leaves Commonwealth

    South Africa becomes a republic, withdrawing due to apartheid criticism.

  17. Rivonia Trial begins

    Anti-apartheid leaders, including Mandela, tried for sabotage.

  18. Nelson Mandela sentenced

    Nelson Mandela and others sentenced to life imprisonment.

  19. Hendrik Verwoerd assassinated

    Prime Minister Verwoerd, architect of apartheid, assassinated in parliament.

  20. Soweto Uprising

    Students protest mandatory Afrikaans education; police violently suppress.

  21. Steve Biko dies

    Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko dies in police custody.

  22. United Democratic Front formed

    UDF formed, uniting various anti-apartheid groups inside South Africa.

  23. State of Emergency declared

    Government declares national state of emergency amidst escalating unrest.

  24. International sanctions intensify

    Global economic and cultural sanctions increase pressure on apartheid.

  25. F.W. de Klerk becomes president

    De Klerk begins dismantling apartheid laws and reforms.

  26. Nelson Mandela released

    Nelson Mandela released from Victor Verster Prison after 27 years.